Storage Management
DSM Version
7.4 7.3 7.2

Storage Management

Storage Manager Overview

  • Storage Manager is a DSM application that lets you monitor storage usage and manage drives, storage pools, volumes, and SSD caches on a Synology storage system.
  • Synology storage system uses RAID technology to combine multiple drives into a single data storage space for fault tolerance and improved performance.
  • Volumes can use either the Btrfs or ext4 file system to store data.
  • SSD cache can improve system performance.
  • Storage consumption on Btrfs volumes can be reduced through supported storage efficiency features.
  • Connected expansion units can be monitored and configured in Storage Manager.

Storage Pools and Volumes

  • Supports the following RAID types: Basic, SHR-1, SHR-2, JBOD, RAID 0, RAID 1, RAID 5, RAID 6, RAID 10, and RAID F1.
  • Supports RAID Group to improve drive fault tolerance in large drive number deployment.
  • Supports the following storage pool operations:
    • Add drives in a storage pool for expansion.
    • Change the RAID type of a storage pool.
    • Replace drives in a storage pool for expansion or repair.
    • Safely eject a storage pool from an expansion unit.
    • Assemble a storage pool online when enough drives are detected.
    • Run data scrubbing to ensure data consistency.
  • Supports the following storage pool configurations:
    • Configure hot spare drives and auto replacement for additional drive failure protection.
    • Adjust speed limits for storage pool operations.
    • Enable SSD TRIM for SSD-only storage pools for sustained performance.
    • Run space reclamation in designated schedule to reclaim unused storage space.
  • Supports up to 256 volumes.
  • Supports encrypting volumes with AES-XTS-Plain64 mode.

Requirements and Limitations

  • Refer to your model's datasheet for details on available RAID types, RAID Group, volume encryption, and the maximum number of volumes.
  • A storage pool must consist of drives of the same type. The following drives cannot be mixed:
    • HDDs and SSDs
    • SATA, SAS, and NVMe drives
    • 4K native and non-4K native drives
  • M.2 SSD storage pools are available only on specific Synology models.
  • Available storage pool operations depend on the RAID type and other requirements. Refer to the help articles for details about each operation.
  • SSD TRIM is supported only on certain Synology storage system and SSD models. For compatibility details, refer to the datasheet for your storage system and the Notes section for your SSD in the Synology Products Compatibility List.
  • Space reclamation is only available for reclaiming space in Btrfs volumes.
  • Volume encryption key vaults enabled on DSM 7.2 must be upgraded and reset to use full functionality. (Learn more)
  • Encrypted volumes require either the recovery key or key vault password when the key vault is unavailable; otherwise, the volume cannot be accessed. (Learn more)

File System

ext4 File System

  • Single volume size: 10 GiB to 200 TiB
  • Maximum single file size: 16 TiB
  • Maximum file name length: 255 bytes
  • Maximum path name length: 4,096 bytes
  • Maximum symbolic link depth: 40
  • Recommended maximum number of files per folder in the same level: 100,000
  • Supports expanding volume capacity.

Btrfs File System

  • Single volume size: 10 GiB to 200 TiB, or up to 1 PiB (Learn more)
  • Maximum single file size: 16 TiB
  • Maximum file name length: 255 bytes
  • Maximum path name length: 4,096 bytes
  • Maximum symbolic link depth: 40
  • Recommended maximum number of files: 1,000,000,000
  • Recommended maximum number of files per folder in the same level: 100,000
  • Supports the following volume operations and configurations:
    • Analyze the usage of volumes.
    • Expand volume capacity.
    • Run file system defragmentation to improve the file access performance.
    • Enable storage efficiency features:
      • SSD volumes: Data deduplication (Applied to the entire volume)
      • HDD volumes: Data deduplication and compression (Applied to individual shared folders)
  • Supports performing file self-healing to automatically detect and recover silent data corruption on metadata and data.
  • Supports copying data instantly via the SMB protocol when the source and destination of the data are located in the same Btrfs volume.
  • Supports taking snapshots and creating replication tasks for shared folders and LUNs.

Requirements and Limitations

  • Refer to your model's datasheet for the supported file system and maximum volume size.
  • Storage efficiency features are supported only on specific Synology models using Synology SSDs or HDDs. (Learn more)
  • The byte length of file and path names varies by character encoding. For example, one UTF-8 character can occupy 1 to 4 bytes.
  • The data checksum option must be enabled on a shared folder before silent data corruption detection can take effect. (Only SHR with at least 2 drives, RAID 1, RAID 5, RAID 6, RAID 10, and RAID F1 support corrupted data recovery.)

Drive Management

  • Supports S.M.A.R.T. tests for monitoring drive health.
  • Supports Secure Erase to permanently remove the data from drives.
  • Support firmware update for Synology drives.
  • Support write cache to optimize the system performance.

Requirements and Limitations

  • Feature availability varies by drive model.

SSD Cache

  • Supports creating read-only caches and read-write caches:
    • Up to 16 volumes can be mounted with SSD caches at a time.
    • Metadata of Btrfs volumes can be pinned to read-write caches. (Learn more)
  • Supports the SSD cache group feature to aggregate and allocate the capacity of SSDs for caching.
  • Volumes in the same storage pool must use capacity from the same SSD cache group to create SSD cache.
  • Supports SSD cache group management options, including drive addition and replacement, and changing the RAID type.
  • SSD cache requires approximately 400 KiB of system memory per 1 GiB of SSD cache (including expandable memory) and no more than 25% of the pre-installed system memory.

Data Scrubbing

  • Storage Manager supports data scrubbing to ensure data integrity.
  • The speed limit for data scrubbing can be adjusted.
  • During Data Scrubbing, file system scrubbing (only supported on the Btrfs file system) and RAID scrubbing (only supported on SHR with at least 3 drives, RAID 5, RAID 6, and RAID F1) will run sequentially.