How to Access Synology Services Remotely via the Internet
From SynologyWiki
The Synology server has internet services (such as Web hosting, PhotoStation 2 + video) which are designed for internet use. These services by default are not publicly viewable (also, some of these services must be enabled before use), these services can be accessed over the Internet by port forwarding the corrosponding port from the WAN (the Internet) to the LAN IP address of the Cube Station.
Ports for example, are specific access “doors” which various computers will respond too. Much akin to forwarding a phone call from New York, NY to Seattle, WA; port forwarding forwards a call from the Internet, to the local network, and into the Cube Station, where the Cube Station (or Synology Product) will pick up the call and respond.
Given today's plethora of routers, there is no standardized guide or method on how to instruct new users on how to forward ports, most common locations on where to find the port forwarding settings on routers is are
- Advanced Services
- Firewall Settings
- Port Forward
- Virtual Server
A recommended website which as a collection of guides from various routers on how to conduct port forwarding is PortForward.com Using the guides from PortForward.com, please use one example of forwarding a mail server, for example, to a specific server. It will tell you how to change the port number, from there, simply change the port numbers and add as many services that are needed within the router settings.
What is my external IP address?
To determine what is the external IP address of your system, you may use whatismyip.com. This address will have to be use to access the Synology product remotely over the Internet.
How do I test if my ports are forwarded correctly?
To determine if the ports are forwarded correctly, you may use canyouseeme.org to probe your network.
DNS Alias
All Internet connections today are assigned an IP address, which may be Static (fixed) IP, or a Dynamic (variable, constantly changing on an interval) IP. To have it where it's easier to remember what the IP address is to a particular location is, names are often used, such as www.synology.com. DynamicDNS is a website which offers name address, and at the time this article was written, users can sign up for one free DNS name for home and personal use. This will make it easier for users to distribute their online content on the Internet.
List of ports that the Synology Product uses
Please refer to the following list of ports which the Synology server can use. Some of these ports, such as the Synology Assistant need these ports opened on the local computer firewall for these applications to operate correctly.
- Special thanks to Loeffel for performing the initial compilation of this data.
- List of ports compiled by Synology
| Port | Protocol | Description | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20 | TCP | FTP-Data | |
| 21 | TCP | FTP | |
| 22 | TCP | SSH/Encrypted Network Backup | |
| 23 | TCP | Telnet | |
| 25 | TCP | SMPT (Mail) | |
| 53 | TCP | Domain Name Service | Name Resolution |
| 67 | UDP | DHCP Client | So the NAS can get an IP, normally not needed |
| 80 | TCP | PhotoStation 2 + Video, Web Service | Other ports can be added, in case 80 is not available. |
| 123 | UDP | Network Time Protocol | NTP Server |
| 137 | UDP | NetBIOS | |
| 138 | UDP | NetBIOS-Datagram | |
| 139 | UDP | NetBIOS-ssn | |
| 389 | TCP/UDP | LDAP | For ADS Connection |
| 443 | TCP | HTTPS | Secured Web Service |
| 445 | TCP/UDP | Microsoft-ds | Also named CIFS or mentioned as Samba (shares of the NAS) |
| 537 | Network Media Streaming Protocol | ||
| 548 | TCP | Apple Filing Protocol | |
| 554 | Real Time Stream Protocol | ||
| 873 | TCP | Encrypted/Network Backup | Rsync |
| 989 | TCP | FTP-Data over TLS/SSL | |
| 990 | TCP | FTP over TLS/SSL | |
| 3306 | TCP/UDP | MySQL Service | |
| 3689 | TCP | DAAP Digital Audio Access Protocol used by Apple’s iTunes | |
| 5000 | TCP | Synology Management Console, File Station, Audio Station | |
| 5001 | TCP | Secured Synology Management Console, File Station, Audio Station | |
| 5432 | TCP/UDP | Download Redirector | |
| 5353 | iTunes Media Service | ||
| 6881-6890 | TCP | BitTorrent (before firmware v2.0.1-3.0401 you also need the ports 6891-6999) | |
| 9997-9999 | UDP | Various Synology Client Utilities, such as Synology Assistant, Download Redirector, Data Replicator, USB Assistant | |
| 55536-56559 | UDP | Default Passive FTP Range |
Further reading
Wikipedia:Computer Network
Wikipedia:Local Area Network
Wikipedia:Wide Area Network
Wikipedia:Port Forwarding
Wikipedia:TCP and UDP Port
Wikipedia:List of TCP and UDP Port Numbers
